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Fast implementation of kernel simplex volume analysis based on modified Cholesky factorization for endmember extraction

Jing LI,Xiao-run LI,Li-jiao WANG,Liao-ying ZHAO

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第3期页码 250-257 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500244

摘要： Endmember extraction is a key step in the hyperspectral image analysis process. The kernel new simplex growing algorithm (KNSGA), recently developed as a nonlinear alternative to the simplex growing algorithm (SGA), has proven a promising endmember extraction technique. However, KNSGA still suffers from two issues limiting its application. First, its random initialization leads to inconsistency in final results; second, excessive computation is caused by the iterations of a simplex volume calculation. To solve the first issue, the spatial pixel purity index (SPPI) method is used in this study to extract the first endmember, eliminating the initialization dependence. A novel approach tackles the second issue by initially using a modified Cholesky factorization to decompose the volume matrix into triangular matrices, in order to avoid directly computing the determinant tautologically in the simplex volume formula. Theoretical analysis and experiments on both simulated and real spectral data demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces computational complexity, and runs faster than the original algorithm.

关键词： Endmember extraction Modified Cholesky factorization Spatial pixel purity index (SPPI) New simplex growing algorithm (NSGA) Kernel new simplex growing algorithm (KNSGA)

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Sulfate digestion process for high purity TiO

T. A. LASHEEN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 155-160 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0005-z

摘要： A titania slag product of Rosetta ilmenite assaying 72% TiO is treated by the sulfate process option of the pigmentary TiO manufacture. The relevant factors of acid concentration, particle size, slag/acid ratio besides the reaction temperature, and time have been studied. After dissolving the cured mass in dilute acid and clarification, the obtained solution was subjected to hydrolysis of its titanium content. The final product was bleached under reducing conditions to redissolve the residual coloring impurities before being dewatered and calcinated. The obtained results indicated that a leaching efficiency of about 92% was realized due to the presence of some refractory components in the working slag material, namely, rutile and magnesium iron titanate. The obtained white pigment assay attained up to 99.85% TiO , while the analyzed impurities involve 77 ppm Mn and only 14 and 7 ppm of total iron and V, respectively.

关键词： titania slag sulfate process pigment

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Forecasting industrial emissions: a monetary approach

Yang DONG, Yi LIU, Jining CHEN, Yebin DONG, Benliang QU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 734-742 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0451-6

摘要： Forecasts of industrial emissions provide a basis for impact assessment and development planning. To date, most studies have assumed that industrial emissions are simply coupled to production value at a given stage of technical progress. It has been argued that the monetary method tends to overestimate pollution loads because it is highly influenced by market prices and fails to address spatial development schemes. This article develops a land use-based environmental performance index (L-EPI) that treats the industrial land areas as a dependent variable for pollution emissions. The basic assumption of the method is that at a planning level, industrial land use change can represent the change in industrial structure and production yield. This physical metric provides a connection between the state-of-the-art and potential impacts of future development and thus avoids the intrinsic pitfalls of the industrial Gross Domestic Product-based approach. Both methods were applied to examine future industrial emissions at the planning area of Dalian Municipality, North-west China, under a development scheme provided by the urban master plan. The results suggested that the L-EPI method is highly reliable and applicable for the estimation and explanation of the spatial variation associated with industrial emissions.

关键词： industrial emissions environmental performance index spatial planning industrial land use

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micro-structural uncertainties of recycled aggregate concrete on its global stochastic properties via finite pixel-element

Qingpeng MENG, Yuching WU, Jianzhuang XIAO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 474-489 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0442-6

摘要： In this paper, the effect of micro-structural uncertainties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) on its global stochastic elastic properties is investigated via finite pixel-element Monte Carlo simulation. Representative RAC models are randomly generated with various distribution of aggregates. Based on homogenization theory, effects of recycled aggregate replacement rate, aggregate volume fraction, the unevenness of old mortar, proportion of old mortar, aggregate size and elastic modulus of aggregates on overall variability of equivalent elastic properties are investigated. Results are in a good agreement with experimental data in literature and finite pixel-element method saves the computation cost. It is indicated that the effect of mesoscopic randomness on global variability of elastic properties is considerable.

关键词： RAC Monte Carlo analysis stochastic finite pixel-element method homogenization coefficient of variation

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自主创新振兴中国大豆加工业

李荣和,姜浩奎

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第10期页码 80-84

摘要：

介绍了以我国大豆加工业的最大领域——油脂工业生成的、通常能用作饲料的高温豆粕为原料，提取高纯度大豆低聚肽（蛋白含量≥93%～95%、NSI值＝100%、溶解度＝100%，灰分≤1.5%）、高纯度大豆异黄酮（异黄酮总含量≥92%、G∶D≥8∶1）和大豆复合功能因子自主创新高技术；对我国大豆油脂加工业扭亏为盈，拉动豆农致富，对原料大豆“吃干榨净"，实现资源节约型的大豆加工工业具有重要的指导意义和促进作用。

关键词：大豆加工高纯度大豆低聚肽高纯度大豆异黄酮大豆复合功能因子

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High purity Mn

Xiaoqiang SHAN, Fenghua GUO, Wenqian XU, Xiaowei TENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 383-400 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0485-3

摘要： Developing electrodes with high specific energy by using inexpensive manganese oxides is of great importance for aqueous electrochemical energy storage (EES) using non-Li charge carriers such as Na-or K-ions. However, the energy density of aqueous EES devices is generally limited by their narrow thermodynamic potential window (~1.23 V). In this paper, the synthesis of high purity layered Mn O nanoparticles through solid state thermal treatment of Mn O spinel nanoparticles, resulting in a chemical formula of [Mn ][Mn O ], evidenced by Rietveld refinement of synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction, has been reported. The electro-kinetic analyses obtained from cyclic voltammetry measurements in half-cells have demonstrated that Mn O electrode has a large overpotential (~ 0.6 V) towards gas evolution reactions, resulting in a stable potential window of 2.5 V in an aqueous electrolyte in half-cell measurements. Symmetric full-cells fabricated using Mn O electrodes can be operated within a stable 3.0 V potential window for 5000 galvanostatic cycles, exhibiting a stable electrode capacity of about 103 mAh/g at a C-rate of 95 with nearly 100% coulombic efficiency and 96% energy efficiency.

关键词： manganese oxides Mn₅O₈ high voltage aqueous Na-ion storage

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Asymmetric pixel confusion algorithm for images based on RSA and Arnold transform

Xiao-ling Huang, You-xia Dong, Kai-xin Jiao, Guo-dong Ye,guodongye@hotmail.com

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第12期页码 1671-1814 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000241

摘要： We propose a new asymmetric algorithm for images based on the public-key cryptosystem and . First, the RSA is used to generate two groups of Arnold transform parameters to address the problem of symmetrical distribution of parameters. Second, the image is divided into blocks, and the first group of parameters is used to perform Arnold confusion on each sub-block. Then, the second group of parameters is used to perform Arnold confusion on the entire image. The image correlation is thereby fully weakened, and the degree and effect are further enhanced. The experimental results show that the proposed image algorithm has better confusion effect than the classical based confusion and the row-column exchange based confusion. Specifically, the values of gray difference are close to one. In addition, the security of the new confusion operation is dependent on RSA, and it can act as one part of a confusion-substitution structure in a cipher.

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基于公钥具有双向影子图像验证功能且无像素扩张的图像秘密分享 Research Article

Xuehu Yan, Longlong Li, Jia Chen, Lei Sun

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第1期页码 88-103 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200118

摘要：图像秘密分享（ISS）的研究越来越多，主要因为数字图像的重要性以及ISS可以广泛应用于云分布式存储和多方安全计算。影子图像认证日渐重要，通常包括影子图像真实性检测和识别。然而，传统处理者参与的方法主要是单向验证，即在解码阶段验证影子图像，存在像素扩张或额外辅助信息等不足。因此，分发（编码）阶段的影子图像认证对参与者来说也很重要。本文引入一种基于公钥的双向影子图像认证方法，实现(k, n)门限且无像素扩张。当处理者将每个影子图像分发给相应参与者时，参与者可以用其私钥验证接收到的影子图像。在解码阶段，处理者可以用其秘钥验证每个接收到的影子图像；此外，当获得任何k个或更多影子图像时，处理者可以无损解码秘密图像。理论分析、实验和比较验证了所提方法有效性。

关键词：图像秘密分享；影子图像验证；公钥；像素扩张；无损恢复

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Isolation of highly purity cellulose from wheat straw using a modified aqueous biphasic system

Lifeng YAN, Yi ZHAO, Qing GU, Wan LI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 282-291 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-0901-5

摘要： Cellulose samples with molecular weights ranging from 8.39 × 10 to 11.00 × 10 g/mol were obtained from wheat straw. The dewaxed wheat straw was pretreated with aqueous hydrochloric acid followed by delignification using an environmentally benign poly(ethyleneglycol)/salt aqueous biphasic system. The yield of cellulose was in the range of 48.9%–55.5% and the cellulose contained 1.2%–3.2% hemicelluloses, and 0.97%–3.47% lignin. All the isolated cellulose samples could be directly dissolved in a 6 wt-% NaOH/4 wt-% urea aqueous solution through a precooling-thawing process to form a homogenous solution. The separation process was investigated and the obtained cellulose and its solution were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray apparatus, and X-ray diffraction. The results revealed that aqueous soluble cellulose can be directly prepared from wheat straw by this method and this study opens a novel pathway to prepare cellulosic materials from agricultural waste.

关键词： cellulose straw separation aqueous solution

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现代高纯水

闻瑞梅

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第1期页码 68-72

摘要：

论述了超大规模集成电路与高纯水的关系以及对水质的要求；研究了高纯水制备的几个关键新技术及提高高纯水质量的方法，该方法能有效地降低高纯水中的总有机碳、细菌、细菌内毒素、溶解氧等；讨论了高纯水常用各种管材的污染，并列举了大量数据和应用实例。

关键词：高纯水超大规模集成电路总有机碳细菌溶解氧

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组合材料芯片的个体化微区合成与表征 Article

项晓东,王刚,张晓琨,向勇,汪洪

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第2期页码 225-233 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015041

摘要：

用传统实验方法绘制材料相图，需要分别研究各个成分在一系列温度下的成相情况，这通常要汇集多个研究小组多年努力的成果。以高通量制备与表征为特征的组合材料芯片技术能够在一个覆盖完整成分分布的材料样品库上，测定某一温度下二元或三元材料体系的相图，显著提升了研究效率。但要完成整个温度区间的材料相图，仍需对多个材料样品库在一系列不同的温度下进行热处理。本文提出了一种“单芯片方法”，即通过渐进的能量脉冲将组合材料芯片中某一微区独立地自低向高加热至不同温度，同时原位实时地监测这一微区在温度变化过程中的物相演化，从而获得该微区成分在完整温度区间内的物相信息。对组合材料芯片上各个微区分别独立地逐一重复该过程，就可以在一个组合材料芯片上通过一次实验构建出完整的二元或三元相图。我们采用“单芯片方法”测定了Ge-Sb-Te 三元合金体系非晶相与结晶相的相界，验证了这种方法的可行性。

关键词：组合材料芯片，相图，微区合成，原位表征，相边界测定

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Soil spatial variability impact on the behavior of a reinforced earth wall

Adam HAMROUNI, Daniel DIAS, Badreddine SBARTAI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期页码 518-531 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0611-x

摘要： This article presents the soil spatial variability effect on the performance of a reinforced earth wall. The serviceability limit state is considered in the analysis. Both cases of isotropic and anisotropic non-normal random fields are implemented for the soil properties. The Karhunen-Loève expansion method is used for the discretization of the random field. Numerical finite difference models are considered as deterministic models. The Monte Carlo simulation technique is used to obtain the deformation response variability of the reinforced soil retaining wall. The influences of the spatial variability response of the geotechnical system in terms of horizontal facing displacement is presented and discussed. The results obtained show that the spatial variability has an important influence on the facing horizontal displacement as well as on the failure probability.

关键词： reinforced earth wall geosynthetic random field spatial variability Monte Carlo simulation

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Industrial eco-efficiency and its spatial-temporal differentiation in China

Wei YANG, Fengjun JIN, Chengjin WANG, Chen LV

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 559-568 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0400-4

摘要： The aim of this paper is to study the spatial-temporal differentiation of industrial eco-efficiency in China. Using methods based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and data from 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2008 of 30 provinces in China, the spatial-temporal pattern changes in industrial eco-efficiency are discussed. The results show that: first, the patterns of industrial eco-efficiency are dominated by clustering of relatively low efficiency provinces; second, spatial relationships between the industrial eco-efficiencies of different provinces changed slightly throughout the period and the provinces persistently exhibit spatial concentration of relatively low industrial eco-efficiency; finally, there is an obvious trend in the polarization of industrial eco-efficiency, i.e., the higher level spatial units are concentrated in eastern China, and the lower level spatial units are mainly in western and central China.

关键词： industrial eco-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) model exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA)

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Border-search and jump reduction method for size optimization of spatial truss structures

Babak DIZANGIAN, Mohammad Reza GHASEMI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 123-134 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0478-2

摘要： This paper proposes a sensitivity-based border-search and jump reduction method for optimum design of spatial trusses. It is considered as a two-phase optimization approach, where at the first phase, the first local optimum is found by few analyses, after the whole searching space is limited employing an efficient random strategy, and the second phase involves finding a sequence of local optimum points using the variables sensitivity with respect to corresponding values of constraints violation. To reach the global solution at phase two, a sequence of two sensitivity-based operators of border-search operator and jump operator are introduced until convergence is occurred. Sensitivity analysis is performed using numerical finite difference method. To do structural analysis, a link between open source software of OpenSees and MATLAB was developed. Spatial truss problems were attempted for optimization in order to show the fastness and efficiency of proposed technique. Results were compared with those reported in the literature. It shows that the proposed method is competitive with the other optimization methods with a significant reduction in number of analyses carried.

关键词： optimum design sensitivity analysis reduction method spatial trusses OpenSees

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Abundance, spatial distribution, and physical characteristics of microplastics in stormwater detention

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1724-y

摘要： Despite extensive research on microplastics (MP) in marine environments, little is known about MP abundance and transport in terrestrial systems. There is, therefore, still little understanding of the main mechanisms driving the substantial transport of MP across different environmental compartments. Storm events can transport MP beyond boundaries, such as from the land to groundwater or the ocean, as has already been discovered for organic carbon transport. Urban stormwater detention ponds are suitable environments to study the impact of stormwater on the environmental fate and transport of MP. Herein, we investigate the longitudinal and vertical distribution of MP within two detention ponds with different physical characteristics. Soil samples were collected at various locations and from multiple depths (surface and subsurface layers) for measuring MP concentrations using fluorescence microscopy. Our findings show that MP are retained more near the inlet of the ponds, and MP of larger sizes were found more abundantly near inlets than outlets. We also found that MP mass and sizes decrease from surface soil to subsurface soil. In the pond, where vegetation (grass root network) was more considerable, MP were found more evenly distributed along the depth. In terms of shape, the fragments were the most abundant MP shape.

关键词： Microplastic Environmental transport Soil pollution Stormwater Detention ponds